Linux换国内镜像源(概念问题)--Linux

Linux换国内镜像源

之前在Ubuntu换源的时候，老早就换好，但后来装新系统换源，就想来整理一下换源可能遇到的一些问题，很多新手对于换源就直接度娘搜索，但全新手会遇到以下几个问题不知道怎么解决。因此参考本文或许能帮到你。

1. 什么是软件源(概念问题)

软件源就相当于软件库，需要安装什么软件，只需要简单使用命令来进行安装: sudo apt-get install

redhat linux下载，软件库里没有的话就会提示错误；删除软件则是sudo apt-get remove

；在Ubuntu系统上安装软件和Windows上不一样 (后者是exe文件，前者一般是apt、deb、run等格式)。

其中Ubuntu 系统中自带一个名为 apt 软件包管理工具，它主要负责 Ubuntu 系统中所有软件包的管理ubuntu麒麟怎么换源，包括下载软件，卸载已安装的软件等。每当我们通过 sudo apt-get install

去安装软件时，它就会从系统中的一个叫做源列表的文件去读取软件源的网址信息，查找包含该软件的软件源网址，接着从上面把指定的软件下载下来。

对于Ubuntu的软件源类型分为两种:

2. 如何更改为目标镜像源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

3. 如何找镜像源

推荐这个: 国内开源镜像站点汇总—>里面有公司企业、大学等镜像源。推荐使用 清华源、中科大源、阿里云源、豆瓣源等

4. 如何找镜像源的配置文件

一般官方网站的help里，就直接在主页src后面加上help回车看下，要没有的话就找找哪里可以配置软件源，我上面推荐的那几个源都在help里，例如清华源则是、科大源是:。

注意: 这时有人点进去去找配置文件时就会发现有 ubuntu、ubuntu-ports到底是哪一个呢?

因此去哪个得看你是什么架构的ubuntu麒麟怎么换源，使用命令uname -a，我的是下面这个node.js安装linux，说明是x86_64架构。

为节省你们去找的时间，我给了Ubuntu16.04和18.04的几个源:

4.1. Ubuntu 16.04

#---------------中科大USTC--------------------
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#------------------清华--------------------------
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#------------------阿里云-----------------------
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

4.2. Ubuntu 18.04

#---------------中科大USTC--------------------
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#------------------清华--------------------------
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#------------------阿里云-----------------------
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

5. 在Ubuntu设置里更换

6. 更换后更新(最重要)

sudo apt-get update